In an increasingly interconnected world, human mobility has reached unprecedented levels. The United Nations estimates that over 281 million people live outside their country of birth, representing 3.5 percent of the global population and a significant increase from previous decades.
This significant movement of people underscores the need for efficient, streamlined and secure immigration processes, a challenge that technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, is positioned to address. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and the broader GCC, are at the forefront of not only embracing these technological advancements but also setting an example for the world.
A global hub for human mobility
People move across borders for a variety of reasons, from pursuing career opportunities to seeking a better quality of life. Work-related migration is a significant driver of global mobility, particularly in dynamic regions like the GCC.
Collectively, the six GCC states—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates— are home to a total population of 57.6 million as of 2023, with over half of the total resident population being foreign nationals and 11 percent of all migrants globally. Immigrant populations range from as low as 40 percent in Oman to over 88 percent in Qatar. This sheer volume presents a significant administrative challenge, as manual processing struggles to keep pace. The region’s reliance on international talent necessitates efficient and secure immigration processes to support economic growth and competitiveness.
Immigration systems typically involve complex and varying regulations, increasing the risk of errors and non-compliance. Ensuring security and preventing fraud are paramount while managing the vast data generated, data integrity, and facilitating interoperability between government agencies are also ongoing challenges.
Streamlining processes
Adapting to evolving immigration policies and balancing efficient processing with a positive applicant experience requires flexibility and innovative solutions. AI can play a crucial role in this transformation. Its ability to process vast amounts of data quickly and accurately allows for faster visa processing times, reducing backlogs and improving the overall experience for applicants. AI-powered chatbots can provide instant answers to common immigration queries, freeing up human resources for more complex cases. Furthermore, AI algorithms can analyze data to identify potential security risks, enhancing border control and national security.
However, the integration of AI and automation in immigration raises important considerations around cybersecurity and data protection. The sensitive nature of personal information necessitates robust security measures. This includes strong encryption, access controls, and regular audits. Compliance with data protection regulations is paramount.
The UAE, with its ambitious vision for economic diversification and global talent attraction, has recognized the importance of streamlining immigration procedures. This is evident in initiatives such as the Golden Visa program, designed to attract skilled professionals, investors, and entrepreneurs. In 2023, Dubai’s General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs (GDRFA) issued a staggering 158,000 Golden Visas, underscoring the demand for flexible and long-term migration policies.
The country has also invested heavily in digitalizing government services, including immigration processes, to enhance efficiency, transparency, and security. The Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs & Port Security (ICP) offers a range of online services through a unified portal, including visa applications and renewals, demonstrating the government’s commitment to leveraging technology. The UAE has also taken concerted steps to address cybersecurity concerns through its dedicated strategy and data protection law.
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Digital identity
Other than visa processing, the UAE and Saudi Arabia have also ventured into Digital Identity, the UAE with its ‘UAE Pass’ initiative and Saudi Arabia with its ‘Absher’ platform help citizens and residents to securely transmit data to different government entities without the need of physical documentation.
Looking ahead, the future of immigration will be increasingly shaped by technology. Biometric identification, blockchain verification, predictive analytics and digital identity hold immense potential. These advancements can create a more seamless, secure, and efficient experience. However, ethical considerations surrounding AI, such as bias and fairness, must be addressed. Transparency and accountability are essential. Continuous investment in cybersecurity and data protection is crucial.
In this context, the UAE, Saudi Arabia and the wider GCC are well-positioned to lead the way in leveraging technology and data for smarter immigration policies and procedures. With their proactive approach to innovation and digital transformation, these countries are sure to set global benchmarks by balancing technological advancements with robust security measures. By embracing innovation while prioritizing security and data protection, the region can create a model for others to follow, benefiting businesses and individuals, and contributing to a more interconnected world.
Haider Hussain is Managing Partner Middle East & North Africa at Fragomen
